Actinic Keratosis

Understanding Actinic Keratosis: What You Need to Know

Actinic keratosis (AK), also known as solar keratosis, is a common skin condition caused by long-term exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun or tanning beds. Although AK is not cancer, it is considered precancerous and can potentially progress to squamous cell carcinoma if left untreated. Early diagnosis and treatment are key to managing this condition and protecting your skin health.

What Does Actinic Keratosis Look Like?

Actinic keratoses often appear as rough, scaly patches or crusty growths on sun-exposed areas such as the face, ears, scalp, neck, hands, and forearms. These lesions can vary in color from flesh-toned to red or brown and may feel dry or sandpaper-like. Some may be easier to feel than see, and they can occasionally itch or produce a burning sensation.

Who Is at Risk?

Anyone can develop actinic keratosis, but the risk is significantly higher for:

• People over 40 years old
• Individuals with fair skin, light-colored eyes, and blonde or red hair
• Those who have a history of frequent sun exposure or sunburns
• People who use tanning beds
• Individuals with weakened immune systems

Why Early Detection Matters

While most actinic keratoses remain benign, studies show that a small percentage can progress to squamous cell carcinoma, a form of skin cancer. Because it's difficult to predict which lesions might become cancerous, dermatologists often recommend treating all visible AKs.

Treatment Options

There are several effective treatments for actinic keratosis, depending on the number, size, and location of the lesions:

• Cryotherapy: Freezing the lesion with liquid nitrogen, which causes it to fall off within days.
• Topical Medications: Prescription creams or gels like 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), imiquimod, or diclofenac, which stimulate the immune system to destroy abnormal cells.
• Photodynamic Therapy (PDT): A light-activated treatment that selectively destroys precancerous cells.

Your dermatologist will recommend the best course of treatment based on your specific condition.

Prevention Is Key

Preventing actinic keratosis starts with sun protection:

• Use broad-spectrum sunscreen with SPF 30 or higher daily, even on cloudy days
• Wear protective clothing, wide-brimmed hats, and sunglasses
• Seek shade between 10 a.m. and 4 p.m., when the sun's rays are strongest
• Avoid tanning beds entirely
• Perform regular skin self-exams and schedule annual skin checks with your dermatologist

When to See a Dermatologist

If you notice a new or changing spot on your skin, especially one that feels rough, dry, or scaly, it's important to get it evaluated. Early intervention can prevent complications and ensure the health of your skin.