What Are Lentigos?
Lentigos (pronounced LEN-ti-goes), also known as liver spots or age spots, are flat, brown or black spots that appear on sun-exposed areas of the skin. Though they are completely benign, they are often mistaken for more serious skin conditions like melanoma.
These spots are caused by sun exposure over time and are most commonly seen in adults over age 40. They are not contagious, not cancerous, and generally do not require treatment unless for cosmetic reasons.
Key Characteristics
Texture: Flat, smooth surface (not raised or rough)
Shape: Round or oval, well-defined edges
Color: Light brown, dark brown, or black
Size: From a few millimeters to over a centimeter
Sensation: Typically painless and non-itchy
Lentigos usually appear in sun-exposed areas such as the face, hands, shoulders, arms, chest, and upper back. Unlike freckles, lentigos do not fade in the winter and tend to persist or darken over time.
What Causes Them?
Lentigos are caused by an accumulation of pigment (melanin) in the skin due to repeated or prolonged sun exposure. Contributing factors include:
Chronic sun exposure (UV light)
Tanning beds
Aging
Fair skin tones (more prone to sun damage)
Genetics
There are several types of lentigos, but solar lentigos (caused by sun damage) are the most common in adults.
When Should You See a Doctor?
While lentigos are usually harmless, you should see a dermatologist if you notice:
Rapid changes in size, color, or border
Multiple colors within a single spot
Spots that bleed, itch, or hurt
New or unusual pigmented lesions, especially if you have a history of skin cancer
A dermatologist can differentiate lentigos from more serious conditions like melanoma through a visual exam or skin biopsy, if needed.
Treatment Options
Since lentigos are benign, treatment is optional and typically pursued for cosmetic reasons. Treatment options include:
Topical creams (such as hydroquinone or retinoids to lighten pigmentation)
Cryotherapy (freezing the spot with liquid nitrogen)
Laser therapy (e.g., IPL or Q-switched lasers)
Chemical peels (to exfoliate pigmented skin)
Sun protection is essential to prevent further darkening and the development of new spots.
Living With Lentigos
Lentigos are a common and harmless sign of sun aging. While not dangerous, they can be a cosmetic concern for many people. The best way to manage and prevent lentigos is through:
Daily sunscreen use (SPF 30 or higher)
Avoiding tanning beds
Wearing hats and protective clothing
Regular skin checks, especially if you have a history of sun exposure or skin cancer
If you have further questions or would like to schedule an appointment with a dermatologist please give us a call at 865-545-0900 or contact us by filling out our appointment request and we’ll reach out to you within a business day.
