What Is a Vitiligo?
Vitiligo is a chronic skin condition where patches of skin lose their pigment (color). This occurs because melanocytes, the cells responsible for producing melanin (the pigment that gives skin its color), are either destroyed or stop functioning.
It can develop at any age, but in many adults, it begins or progresses in their 30s or 40s. Vitiligo is not contagious and is not caused by infection, poor hygiene, or external exposure alone.
Key Characteristics
Color loss: Flat white or light patches of skin with sharp borders
Pattern types:
Non-segmental vitiligo (NSV): Most common; symmetrical on both sides of the body
Segmental vitiligo: Appears on just one side or section of the body
Focal vitiligo: One or few isolated areas
Universal vitiligo: Rare, affects most of the skin surface
Common areas affected: Face, hands, arms, feet, genitals, and around body openings
Hair changes: Eyelashes, eyebrows, or scalp hair may turn white
Sensitivity: Affected skin burns more easily in sunlight
Progression: May spread slowly over months or years
Emotional impact: Often painless, but may lead to psychological distress or lower self-esteem
What Causes It?
While the exact cause isn't fully known, vitiligo is believed to be primarily autoimmune in nature—where the immune system mistakenly attacks melanocytes. Contributing factors include:
Genetics: Family history in 20–30% of cases
Autoimmune associations: Thyroid disease, type 1 diabetes, and others
Oxidative stress: Cellular imbalance leading to melanocyte damage
Triggers: Sunburn, skin trauma, emotional stress, or chemical exposure
When to See a Doctor?
See a board-certified dermatologist if you notice:
New white or pale patches of skin, especially if spreading
Changes to hair color in localized areas (eyelashes, eyebrows)
Skin sensitivity or increased risk of sunburn
Emotional or psychological effects due to visible changes
A family history of autoimmune conditions
A dermatologist can diagnose vitiligo through a physical exam, Wood’s lamp inspection, and occasionally a skin biopsy.
Treatment Options
There is no cure, but treatments aim to restore pigment, slow progression, or blend the skin tone for improved appearance and confidence.
Medical Treatments
Topical corticosteroids or calcineurin inhibitors
Phototherapy (narrowband UVB or PUVA)
Excimer laser (for small, targeted patches)
Depigmentation therapy (for widespread cases, to lighten remaining skin)
Skincare & Lifestyle Support
Use broad-spectrum sunscreen daily to protect depigmented skin
Apply gentle, fragrance-free moisturizers
Avoid tanning beds and harsh treatments
Use cosmetic camouflage (makeup or self-tanner) if desired
Treatment is customized based on the type of vitiligo, how it's affecting you, and your personal goals.
Living With It
Vitiligo is a visible, but manageable condition. While it may impact self-esteem, many people find confidence through:
Medical or cosmetic treatment
Support groups or counseling
Accepting and embracing their skin’s unique appearance
Most importantly, you have options. Whether you choose treatment, camouflage, or embrace your skin as it is, the goal is to feel comfortable and confident.
If you're noticing changes in your skin or want help managing vitiligo, speak to a dermatologist. Early care can make a meaningful difference.
If you have further questions about Vitiligo or would like to schedule an appointment with a dermatologist please give us a call at 865-545-0900 or schedule online via book my appointment. If you have any questions, fill out our appointment request and we’ll reach out to you within a business day.
